YOU WERE LOOKING FOR: The Cold War Test B Answers
The US dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities causing Japan to surrender and their main purpose was to stop the Soviet Union from making military and political gains in Asia and elsewhere and to show that the US was supreme. The Cold War is...
During the second world war, name two countries of Allied powers and two countries of Axis powers. What is Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty? Ans: Allows only the nuclear weapon states to have nuclear weapons and stops others from acquiring them. For...
The U. Thus, their rivalry was called the Cold War as opposed to an actual hot war, though smaller conflicts spun out of it. Joseph Stalin, ca. As General Secretary of the Communist Party, his ruthless disregard for human life made him the idol of future Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein. He succeeded Lenin during the Russian Civil War. In power from , Stalin was probably as murderous as Hitler, killing at least 10 million Soviets through deliberate, if famine-related, starvation, including the Ukrainian Holodomor left , Great Terror political purges, and imprisonment in Gulag labor camps. For sheer callousness at least, Stalin could rival anyone. He sealed off borders and liquidated prosperous peasants kulaks by starving them to death to redirect their money toward industry.
Under Stalin, citizens were usually allowed to live as long as they submitted to state authority and many prisoners survived the Gulags. The Cold War fault line was the border between Western and Eastern Europe, where the Soviets set up a series of client states, or puppet governments with no real autonomy , who took their cues from the Soviets. Within East Germany, one of the Eastern Bloc countries, lay Berlin , itself divided into Soviet and western sectors, east and west.
Vienna, Austria was similarly divided after the war, until While the U. Communism was antithetical to free markets, as was the Soviet dictatorship to American democracy. As far back as the s, French writer Alexis de Tocqueville observed of the U. There was religious conflict, too, given that the U. The Soviet government never actually snuffed out Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Judaism in its European regions or Islam in South Asia, but their official state policy was atheism. By the s, the Soviet government bragged of having destroyed of churches that stood in Moscow in He meant that political establishments use organized faiths to manipulate working classes and keep their minds off their exploitative circumstances.
Suffice it to say, that line of criticism never gained traction in America. At the end in May , the Soviets had a bigger army, but the U. The Americans pressed for troop reduction and the Soviets for a nuclear-free world but, naturally, neither would give up their advantage. They aimed to displace the potential for communism in Japan and western Europe with democratic capitalism, and succeeded. This time, the U. They even hired Nazi snipers to assassinate communist leaders. Herbert Hoover, ca.
The ex-president opposed an expensive American military presence in Europe and Asia, arguing that it would bust the budget and turn the U. For him, American allies in both regions should shoulder the military burden. Hoover thought it was important, though, that the U. Germany, especially, was sinking into an economic abyss after the war, compounded by a harsh winter. There was a narrow window of opportunity to replace the proverbial stick with the carrot — the stick here being de-Nazification and the carrot being money.
While Germans were only allotted a third as many daily calories as occupying forces and German women sometimes sold themselves to soldiers just to feed their families, their overall relationship with occupying Allied forces was decent enough given the circumstances. Journalist Eric Lichtblau traced how America provided safe haven to hundreds of German scientists, engineers, doctors, informants, and spies in The Nazis Next Door Thousands died after the war, some at the hand of prison guards but most from disease and malnutrition despite modest rations of bread and coffee. With the s immigration policies still in place Chapter 7 , the U.
Marshall, who led the U. In , the History News Network conducted a poll of professional historians, asking them to name the most important document in American history, exempting the Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and Bill of Rights. Part of that may have been because those other important documents stole votes from each other. That was also due to other factors, including the bomb making war a more unthinkable option, but the Marshall Plan laid the foundation for that success. And, if Europe had degenerated into more war after , the U. Similar funds aimed at Japan helped the U. The Marshall Plan supported democratic capitalism but, beyond that broad framework, Europeans were left to work out the details.
Over and against the wishes of Britain and France, who had less bargaining power than after WWI, these countries would eventually include a new Federal Republic of [West] Germany , with control over its own resources — not a western German territory controlled by Britain, France, or any international organization. The map below shows occupied Berlin in the context of occupied Germany, before West Germany became an independent country in It would be up to future businessmen, politicians, tourists, and exchange students to bind the West back together again. In Eastern Europe, meanwhile, the Soviets likewise invested in factories and machinery, with everyone on both sides of the Iron Curtain aiming to maximize the mass production that helped the Allies win the war. That changed dramatically with the onset of WWII. Later they added several offices in Geneva, Switzerland, where the League of Nations had been housed in the Palace of Nations. The idea of revamping the League was fundamental to the cooperation between the U.
They formally agreed to the new U. Those organizations have done a lot of good in poor countries but critics point to conditions they attach to loans, like bans on labor unions and discouraging environmental and child labor laws. Henceforth, oil and gold were bought and sold internationally in U. They pegged the U. So far, that reputation has held up reasonably well and the U. Later, other countries joined the group. The WTO arbitrates trade disputes between countries, refereeing global commerce and encouraging low trade barriers tariffs. In the late 20th century, the WTO head kept photos of Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis Hawley over his desk as a reminder of what can happen with too much protectionism.
As we saw in Chapter 8, world trade plummeted after the Smoot-Hawley Tariff or at least perpetuated a steep decline that had already begun. One motive was to keep bad actors like Imperial Japan or Nazi Germany from filling a potential power vacuum, as happened in the s. The last two Republican administrations, Bush 43 and Trump, have argued that since the U. Human Rights Council, for instance, has been hijacked by countries like Russia, China, Iran, and Venezuela who are themselves guilty of human rights violations and use the U. Trump argued the same about the WHO, pulling the U. Democrats like Clinton, Obama, and Biden argue that, instead, the U. Their boycott just ceded power to the United States. Unlike its predecessor, the League of Nations , the U. All countries in the world belonged to the second tier General Assembly , but any one vote on the Security Council could nix an initiative.
With the U. Nonetheless, the organization has done more good than harm battling hunger, disease, poverty, etc. The UN also served as a forum for open if hostile debate during the Cuban Missile Crisis of that did not escalate into a major war. In , the U. It inadvertently helped fuel a cottage industry in apocalyptic novels like the best-selling Left Behind series, since some see world government as a portal for the Anti-Christ.
Most U. So far, the U. Containment The U. That would have been difficult given the importance of global trade and military spending to the U. George Patton wanted to join forces with Germany in a ground war against the Soviets in British philosopher Bertrand Russell , famous for his pacifism during WWI, suggested that the West threaten the Soviets with atomic bombs to compel them to join a world government i. Instead of these plans, President Truman arrived at a compromise middle-of-the-road containment option to stop the further spread of communism while acquiescing in communism where it already existed. Containment overlapped with the Truman Doctrine that called for funneling weapons and money into key strategic areas to blunt communist expansion. Ultimately, they lost some key battles i. Kennan rightfully predicted, though, that if the West could just contain Soviet communism rather than destroy it preemptively, it would collapse on its own from within.
Kennan also helped implement the Marshall Plan. This was a precursor to what the French and President Dwight Eisenhower later called the domino theory in Southeast Asia. Truman hoped they could influence the outcome of wars and revolutions in these areas through money and arms without sending American troops into combat, and they succeeded at first. That caused a lot of tension over funding and the Navy was worried anyway that nuclear weapons would make naval war obsolete. Additionally, a new National Security Council NSC would work within the Executive Branch, briefing the president daily on imminent threats and coordinating between the Department of Defense, Executive Branch, intelligence, etc.
Presidents have varied as to how they receive the reports. In addition to regular espionage, the CIA manipulated elections in countries like Italy contributing to communists losing in and funded softer operations through indirect cultural organizations that distributed Western literature. West Berlin, symbolically, was a hotbed of artistic expression; David Bowie recorded his Berlin Trilogy there in the s, for instance. Congressman Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. If the idea was to convince people of American superiority, then they needed to see and hear the unifying message of mixed-race bands like those of Dizzy Gillespie, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, and Dave Brubeck to counter seeing Soviet-sponsored images of Whites throwing rocks at black kids in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Soft diplomacy, much of it organized under the U. Information Agency , undoubtedly had a positive if impossible-to-measure effect. The Hungarian Revolution failed at the cost of 16k civilian casualties, discouraging like-minded republicans elsewhere behind the Iron Curtain. Finally, the National Security Agency NSA started in to listen in on signals and messages relating to intelligence and counter-intelligence. It gained special notoriety during the War on Terror between and because it filtered public email and phone meta-data and is one of the largest agencies by personnel and budget. NATO was a bold step for the U. It committed the U. Three years prior, the U.
The first--and most difficult--test case was Poland, the eastern half of which had been invaded and occupied by the USSR in Moscow demanded a government subject to Soviet influence; Washington wanted a more independent, representative government following the Western model. The Yalta Conference of February had produced an agreement on Eastern Europe open to different interpretations. It included a promise of "free and unfettered" elections. What European country provided the first test case in the Cold War? Austria b. Germany c. Latvia d. Camp David b. Casablanca c. Dayton Peace d. Meeting with Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs Vyacheslav Molotov less than two weeks after becoming president, Truman stood firm on Polish self-determination, lecturing the Soviet diplomat about the need to implement the Yalta accords.
When Molotov protested, "I have never been talked to like that in my life," Truman retorted, "Carry out your agreements and you won't get talked to like that. Who served as the Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs at this time? Vyacheslav Molotov 4. Harry S. Truman showed himself to be quite flexible on the issue of Polish self-determination. True b. Moscow used its military power to support the efforts of the Communist parties in Eastern Europe and crush the democratic parties. Communists took over one nation after another. How did the Soviet Union support the efforts of the Communist parties in Eastern Europe and crush the democratic parties? Crushing them and aiding a coup 6. China b. Czechoslovakia c. Italy d. Public statements defined the beginning of the Cold War. In Stalin declared that international peace was impossible "under the present capitalist development of the world economy.
Who coined the phrase "iron curtain"? What body of water borders Poland to the north? Atlantic Ocean b. Baltic Sea c. Indian Ocean d. Mediterranean Sea. What three countries bordered Poland at this time? Czechoslovakia, Germany, and the Soviet Union Click here to print. Answer Key: 1. D - Poland; 2. D - Yalta; 3. Vyacheslav Molotov; 4. B - False; 5. Use of military force; 6. B - Czechoslovakia; 7. Winston Churchill; 8. B - Baltic Sea; 9. Czechoslovakia, Germany, and the Soviet Union.
In the sense of its temperature. During World War II, the two countries fought against each other directly with weapons, afterward, they did not. Choose from different sets of cold war test review flashcards on Quizlet. What nations was created by the United Nations as a homeland for the Jewish people? Knowledge of history is empowering. Believe it or not, the Cold War, which took place after World War II between and , is often overlooked as one of the great wars of the last few generations. Unification of Germany Video. The Cold War was a conflict between which two super powers? Believe it or not, the Cold War, which took place after World War II between and , is often overlooked as one of the great wars of the last few generat Chinese protesters demanded new democratic reforms.
This quiz and worksheet addresses your knowledge of Cold War political cartoons and the symbolism of them. Potsdam conference, the alliance started to crumble, July The Cold War was fought on the political, economic, and propaganda fronts. Brain Pop Quiz on Simon Bolivar. Cold War Study Guide 1. K - University grade. Nixon both pledged to strengthen American military forces and promised a tough stance against the Soviet Union and international communism. True B. Our library is the biggest of these that have literally hundreds of thousands of different products represented. During World War II, the two countries were allies; afterward, the countries were enemies.
This site is created by Alpha History and contains , words in pages. A vocabulary list featuring Cold War. Nuclear, Nuked out and everything else Cold War related in this section. Between which nations the Cold War developed? Answer: Communist and non-Communist nations. Kennedy and Vice President Richard M. Start studying Abeka Grade 8 History Test The Korean War had weakened the Chinese economy. This "war" was a stalemate and ended up with a country that is still divided today; North remained communist while South remained a democracy. Investigate the end of the Cold War, which came to an abrupt but definitive close in the s, influenced in part by debates over the use or abuse of American power. Results and answers are provided at the end of each quiz. Flashcards Quizlet The arms race and the space race take center stage as two nuclear superpowers vie for supremacy.
It was waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts and had only limited recourse to weapons. Germany surrenders to the Red Army in Berlin This quiz is timed. Phone: The strategy succeeded. Unit 7 Test. This nearly brought the Soviet Union and the United States to a nuclear war. At the beginning of the Cold War, there were two superpowers, the U. Cold War Study Guide Quiz -atcloud. The decades-long "Cold War" between the United States and the Soviet Union was so named because the two global powers never came to direct blows.
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